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Graph of total, average, and marginal product. In economics, a production function gives the technological relation between quantities of physical inputs and quantities of output of goods. The production function is one of the key concepts of mainstream neoclassical theories, used to define marginal product and to distinguish allocative ...
Average cost. In economics, average cost (AC) or unit cost is equal to total cost (TC) divided by the number of units of a good produced (the output Q): Average cost is an important factor in determining how businesses will choose to price their products.
Production is the process of combining various inputs, both material (such as metal, wood, glass, or plastics) and immaterial (such as plans, or knowledge) in order to create output. Ideally this output will be a good or service which has value and contributes to the utility of individuals. [1] The area of economics that focuses on production ...
In economics, average fixed cost (AFC) is the fixed costs of production (FC) divided by the quantity (Q) of output produced. Fixed costs are those costs that must be incurred in fixed quantity regardless of the level of output produced. Average fixed cost is the fixed cost per unit of output.
Marginal cost (MC) is the change in total cost per unit change in output or ∆ C /∆ Q. In the short run, production can be varied only by changing the variable input. Thus only variable costs change as output increases: ∆ C = ∆ VC = ∆ (wL). Marginal cost is ∆ (Lw)/∆ Q. Now, ∆ L /∆ Q is the reciprocal of the marginal product of ...
Cost curve. In economics, a cost curve is a graph of the costs of production as a function of total quantity produced. In a free market economy, productively efficient firms optimize their production process by minimizing cost consistent with each possible level of production, and the result is a cost curve.
Article indices. v. t. e. In microeconomics, economies of scale are the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation, and are typically measured by the amount of output produced per unit of time. A decrease in cost per unit of output enables an increase in scale that is, increased production with lowered cost. [1]
In economics, total cost (TC) is the minimum financial cost of producing some quantity of output. This is the total economic cost of production and is made up of variable cost, which varies according to the quantity of a good produced and includes inputs such as labor and raw materials, plus fixed cost, which is independent of the quantity of a ...