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  2. Social protection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_protection

    Social protection, as defined by the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, is concerned with preventing, managing, and overcoming situations that adversely affect people's well-being. [1] Social protection consists of policies and programs designed to reduce poverty and vulnerability by promoting efficient labour markets ...

  3. Welfare spending - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_spending

    Welfare spending. Welfare spending is a type of government support intended to ensure that members of a society can meet basic human needs such as food and shelter. [1] Social security may either be synonymous with welfare, [a] or refer specifically to social insurance programs which provide support only to those who have previously contributed ...

  4. Insider-outsider theory of employment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insider-outsider_theory_of...

    The insider-outsider theory is a theory of labor economics that explains how firm behavior, national welfare, and wage negotiations are affected by a group in a more privileged position. [1] The theory was developed by Assar Lindbeck and Dennis Snower in a series of publications beginning in 1984. [1][2][3] Wages set by insiders [4] The ...

  5. Lumpenproletariat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumpenproletariat

    In a 1986 study sociologist David Brownfield defined the lumpen-proletariat (or the "disreputable poor") by their unemployment and receipt of welfare benefits. [106] He concluded that "while no significant effects of class can be found using a neo-Marxist conception of class, gradational measures of class (occupation and education) ...

  6. Full Employment in a Free Society - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_Employment_in_a_Free...

    The Meaning and Three Conditions of Full Employment. Section 2. The First Condition: Adequate Total Outlay. Section 3. The Second Condition: Controlled Location of Industry. Section 4. The Third Condition: Organized Mobility of Labour. "return to the old ways of engaging labour should be definitely made impossible.

  7. Social protection floor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_protection_floor

    The social protection floor (SPF) [1] is the first level of protection in a national social protection system. It is a basic set of social rights derived from human right treaties, including access to essential services (such as health, education, housing, water and sanitation, and others, as defined nationally) and social transfers, in cash or in kind, to guarantee economic security, food ...

  8. Unemployment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unemployment

    Unemployment, according to the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), is people above a specified age (usually 15) [2] not being in paid employment or self-employment but currently available for work during the reference period. [3] Unemployment is measured by the unemployment rate, which is the number of people who are ...

  9. Employment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Employment

    Employees in some sectors may receive gratuities, bonus payments or stock options. In some types of employment, employees may receive benefits in addition to payment. Benefits may include health insurance, housing, and disability insurance. Employment is typically governed by employment laws, organisation or legal contracts.