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The water-water energetic reactor (WWER), [1] or VVER (from Russian: водо-водяной энергетический реактор; transliterates as vodo-vodyanoi enyergeticheskiy reaktor; water-water power reactor) is a series of pressurized water reactor designs originally developed in the Soviet Union, and now Russia, by OKB Gidropress. [2]
VVER-TOI is a basis for the development of Nuclear power plant serial construction projects at the sites located within a wide range of natural-climatic conditions, considering the whole spectrum of internal extreme and external human-induced impacts, which are specific for all eventual construction sites.
Construction began: 1957: Commission date: September 30, 1964: Operator: Energoatom: Nuclear power station ; Reactor type: 1 × VVER-210 1 × VVER-365 2 × VVER-440/179 1 × VVER-1000/187: Cooling towers: 7 × Natural Draft: Cooling source: Don River: Power generation; Units operational: 1 × 417 MW 1 × 1000 MW: Units decommissioned: 1 × 210 ...
VVER is the Soviet designation for a pressurized water reactor.The number following VVER, in this case 440, represents the power output of the original design. The VVER-440 Model V213 was a product of the first uniform safety requirements drawn up by the Soviet designers.
The plan aimed to put two new nuclear reactors into operation each year from 2012. This decision provided impetus for the construction of Novovoronezh II, which had been originally been proposed in 1999. [4] On 20 June 2007 preparations began at the construction site, [5] and the construction starting ceremony was held on 12 July 2009. [6]
Schematic diagram of an RBMK Schematic side view of the layout of an RBMK reactor core The reactor hall and piping systems of the RBMK reactor. The reactor pit or vault is made of reinforced concrete and has dimensions 21.6m × 21.6m × 25.5m. It houses the vessel of the reactor, which is annular, made of an inner and outer cylindrical wall and ...
The nuclear plant has six Soviet-designed VVER-1000 V-320 water-cooled and water-moderated reactors containing Uranium 235, and also has spent nuclear fuel at the facility. ... Reactors 1, 2, 5 ...
Construction of the plant began in 1973. The first two power units with VVER-440 reactors were commissioned in 1980–1981, and the 3rd power unit, the millionth unit, was commissioned in 1986. [citation needed] Since 1991, it has been guarded by the 5th NPP Protection Battalion. Construction resumed in 1993 after the moratorium was lifted.