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  2. Scientific misconduct - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_misconduct

    Swedish definition: "Intention [al] distortion of the research process by fabrication of data, text, hypothesis, or methods from another researcher's manuscript form or publication; or distortion of the research process in other ways." The consequences of scientific misconduct can be damaging for perpetrators and journal audience [3][4] and for ...

  3. Goal setting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goal_setting

    v. t. e. Goal setting involves the development of an action plan designed in order to motivate and guide a person or group toward a goal. [ 1 ] Goals are more deliberate than desires and momentary intentions. Therefore, setting goals means that a person has committed thought, emotion, and behavior towards attaining the goal.

  4. Cover letter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cover_letter

    Cover letters are used in connection with many business documents such as loan applications (mortgage loan), contract drafts and proposals, and executed documents. While the resume outlines the professional journey, a cover letter allows the applicant convey their personality, passion, and potential contributions to the prospective employer.

  5. Closure (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closure_(psychology)

    The need for closure in social psychology is thought to be a fairly stable dispositional characteristic that can, nonetheless, be affected by situational factors. The Need for Closure Scale (NFCS) was developed by Arie Kruglanski, Donna Webster, and Adena Klem in 1993 and is designed to operationalize this construct and is presented as a unidimensional instrument possessing strong discriminant ...

  6. Sign (semiotics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_(semiotics)

    In fact, the relationship of language to parole (or speech-in-context) is and always has been a theoretical problem for linguistics (cf. Roman Jakobson's famous essay "Closing Statement: Linguistics and Poetics" et al.). A famous thesis by Saussure states that the relationship between a sign and the real-world thing it denotes is an arbitrary one.

  7. Theory X and Theory Y - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_X_and_Theory_Y

    Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X and Theory Y are theories of human work motivation and management. They were created by Douglas McGregor while he was working at the MIT Sloan School of Management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. [1] McGregor's work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of Abraham Maslow, who ...

  8. Valediction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valediction

    Not to be confused with malediction. A valediction (derivation from Latin vale dicere, "to say farewell"), [1] or complimentary close in American English, [2] is an expression used to say farewell, especially a word or phrase used to end a letter or message, [3][4] or a speech made at a farewell. [3]

  9. Source–message–channel–receiver model of communication

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source–message–channel...

    The source–message–channel–receiver model is a linear transmission model of communication. It is also referred to as the sender–message–channel–receiver model, the SMCR model, and Berlo's model. It was first published by David Berlo in his 1960 book The Process of Communication. It contains a detailed discussion of the four main ...