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A Mercator map can therefore never fully show the polar areas (but see Uses below for applications of the oblique and transverse Mercator projections). The Mercator projection is often compared to and confused with the central cylindrical projection , which is the result of projecting points from the sphere onto a tangent cylinder along ...
With no distortion along the central meridian and the equator, distances along those lines are correct, as are the angles of intersection of other lines with those two lines. Distortion is lowest throughout the region of the map close to those lines. A sinusoidal projection shows relative sizes accurately, but distorts shapes and directions.
Miller projection with 1,000 km indicatrices of distortion. The Miller cylindrical projection is a modified Mercator projection, proposed by Osborn Maitland Miller in 1942. The latitude is scaled by a factor of 4 ⁄ 5, projected according to Mercator, and then the result is multiplied by 5 ⁄ 4 to retain scale along the equator. [1] Hence:
English: Combined map of the world in Pseudo Mercator projection showing physical, political and population characteristics, as per 2018. Compiled using QGIS and CC-0 Natural Earth data. Includes legend of symbols.
A Cornucopia of Map Projections, a visualization of distortion on a vast array of map projections in a single image. G.Projector, free software can render many projections (NASA GISS). Color images of map projections and distortion (Mapthematics.com). Geometric aspects of mapping: map projection (KartoWeb.itc.nl).
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English: The world on a Mercator projection, with 10° graticule and Tissot's indicatrices overlaid. Each red circle is 1,000 km in diameter. Coastline data from www.naturalearthdata.com. Colors inspired by Eric Gaba.