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Pratyahara marks the transition of yoga experience from the first four limbs of Patanjali's Ashtanga scheme that perfect external forms, to the last three limbs that perfect the yogin's inner state: moving from outside to inside, from the outer sphere of the body to the inner sphere of the spirit.
The name comes from the Sanskrit words kukkuṭā meaning "cockerel" [5] and asana (आसन) meaning "posture" or "seat". [6]Kukkutasana is described in medieval hatha yoga texts including the 7th century Ahirbudhnya Saṃhitā, [7] the 13th century Vasishtha Samhita, [8] the 15th century Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā 1.23, the 17th century Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā 2.31, and the Bahr al-hayat c. 1602.
Ashtanga vinyasa yoga is a style of yoga as exercise popularised by K. Pattabhi Jois during the twentieth century, often promoted as a dynamic form of classical Indian (hatha) yoga. [1] Jois claimed to have learnt the system from his teacher Tirumalai Krishnamacharya .
In the West, most physical yoga classes are a form of hatha yoga featuring a series of poses called asanas. Styles of hatha you might see include Ashtanga, vinyasa, Iyengar and power yoga.
Ashtanga (eight limbs of yoga), the eight limbs of yoga as defined by Patanjali in his Yoga Sutras; Raja yoga, Vivekananda's popularisation of Ashtanga Yoga; Ashtanga vinyasa yoga, a style of asana-based modern yoga founded and popularized by K. Pattabhi Jois; Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, divided into eight limbs
Matsyasana (Sanskrit: मत्स्यासन; IAST: Matsyāsana) or Fish pose [1] is a reclining back-bending asana in hatha yoga and modern yoga as exercise. It is commonly considered a counterasana to Sarvangasana, or shoulder stand, specifically within the context of the Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga Primary Series. [2]