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As the world's dominant reserve currency, the United States dollar has been a major currency for trading oil. [10] [11] In August 2018, Venezuela joined the group of countries that allow their oil to be purchased in currencies other than US dollars, thus allowing purchases in Euros, Yuan and other directly convertible currencies. [3]
Crude oil export revenue by country (annually) A world map of countries by oil exportation, 2022. This is a list of oil-producing countries by oil exports based on data for 2022 by CEIC. Oil in this list refers to base crude oil only, and not refined petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel and airplane fuel.
European gas imports from Russia in 2021, with breakdowns. Russia supplies a significant volume of fossil fuels to other European countries. In 2021, it was the largest exporter of oil and natural gas to the European Union, (90%) [1] [2] and 40% of gas consumed in the EU came from Russia. [3] [4]
Especially during the years 1974–1981 and 2005–2014, oil exporters amassed large surpluses of "petrodollars" from the sale of oil at historically high prices. [1] [2] [8] (The word has been credited alternately to Egyptian-American economist Ibrahim Oweiss and to former U.S. Secretary of Commerce Peter G. Peterson, both in 1973.) [9] [10] [11] These petrodollar surpluses could be described ...
Several European microstates outside the EU have adopted the euro as their currency. For EU sanctioning of this adoption, a monetary agreement must be concluded. Prior to the launch of the euro, agreements were reached with Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City by EU member states (Italy in the case of San Marino and Vatican City, and France in the case of Monaco) allowing them to use the euro ...
Inflation in the European countries using the euro currency hit another record in August, fueled by soaring energy prices mainly driven by Russia’s war in Ukraine. Annual inflation in the ...
Oil sources for the European Union with tendency forecast. Oil is one of the largest primary energy sources in Europe. It is mostly used for transportation and heating. Oil production is relatively low in Europe, with significant production only in the North Sea. Most of Europe's oil comes from imports (about 90% for the EU28).
Daily oil consumption by region from 1980 to 2006. This is a list of countries by oil consumption. [1] [2] In 2022, the International Energy Agency (IEA) announced that the total worldwide oil consumption would rise by 2% [3] year over year compared to 2021 despite the COVID-19 pandemic. [citation needed]