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The easiest way to show this is using the Euclidean theorem (equivalent to the fifth postulate) that states that the angles of a triangle sum to two right angles. Given a line and a point P not on that line, construct a line, t, perpendicular to the given one through the point P, and then a perpendicular to this perpendicular at the point P.
In Euclidean geometry, the intersecting chords theorem, or just the chord theorem, is a statement that describes a relation of the four line segments created by two intersecting chords within a circle. It states that the products of the lengths of the line segments on each chord are equal.
An exterior angle of a triangle is an angle that is a linear pair (and hence supplementary) to an interior angle. The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the measures of the two interior angles that are not adjacent to it; this is the exterior angle theorem. [34]
Here, p is the (positive) length of the line segment perpendicular to the line and delimited by the origin and the line, and is the (oriented) angle from the x-axis to this segment. It may be useful to express the equation in terms of the angle α = φ + π / 2 {\displaystyle \alpha =\varphi +\pi /2} between the x -axis and the line.
In modern terms, an angle is the figure formed by two rays, called the sides of the angle, sharing a common endpoint, called the vertex of the angle. [57] The size of an angle is formalized as an angular measure. In Euclidean geometry, angles are used to study polygons and triangles, as well as forming an object of study in their own right. [43]
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Consider a triangle ABC.Let the angle bisector of angle ∠ A intersect side BC at a point D between B and C.The angle bisector theorem states that the ratio of the length of the line segment BD to the length of segment CD is equal to the ratio of the length of side AB to the length of side AC:
Thus a single line can be drawn connecting all nine dots—which would appear as three lines in parallel on the paper, when flattened out. [18] It is also possible to fold the paper flat, or to cut the paper into pieces and rearrange it, in such a way that the nine dots lie on a single line in the plane (see fold-and-cut theorem). [17]