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The state protects normal religious activities. No one may use religion to make an attack on the order of society, harm the physical health of citizens, or impede the activities of the state's education system. Religious groups and religious affairs shall not be subject to the power of foreign domination." [5]
The continuity of Chinese civilisation across thousands of years and thousands of square miles is made possible through China's religious traditions understood as systems of knowledge transmission. [147] A worthy Chinese is expected to remember a vast amount of information from the past, and to draw on this past to form his moral reasoning. [147]
In the People's Republic of China (PRC), freedom of religion is provided for in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, [1] yet with a caveat: the government controls what it calls "normal religious activity", defined in practice as activities that take place within government-sanctioned religious organizations and registered places ...
Forms of religion in China throughout history have included animism during the Xia dynasty, which evolved into the state religion of the Shang and Zhou.Alongside an ever-present undercurrent of Chinese folk religion, highly literary, systematised currents related to Taoism and Confucianism emerged during the Spring and Autumn period.
Political theology in China refers to the religious beliefs and principles that motivate the politics of China. For two millennia, China was organized on a Confucian understanding of religion and politics, often discussed in terms of Confucian political philosophy. [ 1 ]
During his tenure, he issued the State Religious Affairs Bureau Order No. 5, which furthered state control over reincarnations in Tibetan Buddhism, and attempted to suppress underground Catholics loyal to Rome (which he considered "colonial") and not to the government-sanctioned Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association. [7]
China has the world's largest irreligious population, [3] and the Chinese government and the ruling Chinese Communist Party have conducted antireligious campaigns throughout their rule. [4] Religious freedom is protected under the Chinese constitution. Among the general Chinese population, there are a wide variety of religious practices. [5]
The CCP has also used other terms to officially describe China's system of government including "socialist consultative democracy", and whole-process people's democracy. [42] According to the CCP theoretical journal Qiushi , "[c]onsultative democracy was created by the CPC and the Chinese people as a form of socialist democracy. ...