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3.4 Hong Kong dollar as exchange rate anchor. 4 Conventional peg. Toggle Conventional peg subsection. 4.1 US dollar as exchange rate anchor. ... Pakistan Free ...
On 17 October 1983, the Hong Kong dollar was officially pegged to the U.S. dollar at a rate of HK$7.8 = US$1, officially switching back to the currency board system. The peg of Hong Kong dollar to the U.S. dollar in 1983 actually took place in the context of Sino-British negotiation regarding the future of Hong Kong after 1997.
The same mechanism also works when the market rate is above 7.80, and the banks will convert Hong Kong dollars for US dollars. The Hong Kong dollar is backed by one of the world's largest foreign exchange reserves, which is over 7 times the amount of money supplied in circulation or about 48% of Hong Kong dollars M3 at the end of April 2016. [3]
The economy of Hong Kong is a highly developed free-market economy. It is characterised by low taxation, almost free port trade and a well-established international financial market. [15] [16] Its currency, called the Hong Kong dollar, is legally issued by three major international commercial banks, [17] and is pegged to the US dollar.
For example, the purchasing power of the US dollar relative to that of the euro is the dollar price of a euro (dollars per euro) times the euro price of one unit of the market basket (euros/goods unit) divided by the dollar price of the market basket (dollars per goods unit), and hence is dimensionless. This is the exchange rate (expressed as ...
Pakistan maintains foreign reserves with the State Bank of Pakistan. The currency of the reserves was solely the US dollar, incurring speculated losses after the dollar prices fell during 2005, forcing the then Governor SBP Ishrat Hussain to step down. In the same year, the SBP issued an official statement proclaiming diversification of ...
Deutsche Bank AG (Deutsche Bank Pakistan) Citi Bank N.A (CitiBank N.A Pakistan) Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited (ICBC Pakistan) Bank of China [3] (Bank of China Pakistan Branch) The Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank (HSBC Bank Pakistan) The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ (MUFG Bank Pakistan) Standard Chartered Bank (Standard Chartered ...
HSBC is one of the three commercial banks which are authorised to issue banknotes for Hong Kong - the other two being the Bank of China (Hong Kong) and Standard Chartered Bank (Hong Kong). [6] Of the total notes in circulation measured by value, HSBC is the most prolific issuer, its notes representing 67.7% of those in issue.