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The ferns (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta) are a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.They differ from mosses by being vascular, i.e., having specialized tissues that conduct water and nutrients, and in having life cycles in which the branched sporophyte is the dominant phase.
The term "fern ally" included under Pteridophyta generally refers to vascular spore-bearing plants that are not ferns, including lycopods, horsetails, whisk ferns and water ferns (Marsileaceae, Salviniaceae and Ceratopteris). This is not a natural grouping but rather a convenient term for non-fern, and is also discouraged, as is eusporangiate ...
Botrychium is a genus of ferns, seedless vascular plants in the family Ophioglossaceae. [1] Botrychium species are known as moonworts . They are small, with fleshy roots , and reproduce by spores shed into the air.
A clubmoss, from the Lycopodiopsida Isoëtes lacustris, a quillwort, from the Isoetopsida Equisetum fluviatile, from the Equisetopsida (horsetails) Psilotum nudum, from the Psilotopsida (whisk ferns) Fern allies are a diverse group of seedless vascular plants that are not true ferns.
Sceptridium is a genus of seedless vascular plants in the family Ophioglossaceae, [1] closely allied to (and often included as a subgenus [2] of) the genus Botrychium (the moonworts and grapeferns). It is also closely related to the genus Botrypus (the rattlesnake fern, often treated as the subgenus Osmundopteris under Botrychium).
Vascular plants include the clubmosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms (including conifers), and angiosperms (flowering plants). They are contrasted with nonvascular plants such as mosses and green algae. Scientific names for the vascular plants group include Tracheophyta, [11] [4]: 251 Tracheobionta [12] and Equisetopsida sensu lato.
Asterotheca sp. is a vascularized, seedless fern that reproduces via spores that require the presence of water. This genus of fern lived from the Carboniferous to the Triassic and is an ancestor to all modern seed plants. The leaves of Asterotheca (and all ferns) are called fronds. [1]
In all bryophytes, the primary plants are the haploid gametophytes, with the only diploid portion being the attached sporophyte, consisting of a stalk and sporangium. Because these plants lack lignified water-conducting tissues, they cannot become as tall as most vascular plants. Algae, especially green algae. The algae consist of several ...