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Gilgamesh (/ ˈ ɡ ɪ l ɡ ə m ɛ ʃ /, [7] / ɡ ɪ l ˈ ɡ ɑː m ɛ ʃ /; [8] Akkadian: 𒀭𒄑𒂆𒈦, romanized: Gilgameš; originally Sumerian: 𒀭𒄑𒉋𒂵𒎌, romanized: Bilgames) [9] [a] was a hero in ancient Mesopotamian mythology and the protagonist of the Epic of Gilgamesh, an epic poem written in Akkadian during the late 2nd millennium BC.
Inanna, later known as Ishtar, is "the most important female deity of ancient Mesopotamia at all periods." [ 95 ] She was the Sumerian goddess of love, sexuality, prostitution, and war. [ 97 ] She was the divine personification of the planet Venus, the morning and evening star. [ 46 ]
Mesopotamian mythology refers to the myths, religious texts, and other literature that comes from the region of ancient Mesopotamia which is a historical region of Western Asia, situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system that occupies the area of present-day Iraq.
The story of Utnapishtim, the hero of the flood myth, can also be found in the Babylonian epic of Atra-Hasis. [33] [34] The Standard version is also known as iškar Gilgāmeš, "Series of Gilgamesh". [29] The 12th tablet is a sequel to the original 11, and was probably appended at a later date. [35]
As a minor deity and legendary hero Gilgamesh is first attested in sources from the Early Dynastic period (middle of the third millennium BCE), including an entry in a god list from Fara and accounts of offerings made to him in Lagash. [25] He appears in numerous god lists, including the Weidner god list and An = Anum. [26]
The myth of Ninurta and the Turtle, recorded in UET 6/1 2, is a fragment of what was originally a much longer literary composition. [39] In it, after defeating the Anzû, Ninurta is honored by Enki in Eridu. [39] Enki senses his thoughts and creates a giant turtle, which he releases behind Ninurta and which bites the hero's ankle.
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Enkidu (Sumerian: 𒂗𒆠𒄭 EN.KI.DU 10) [6] was a legendary figure in ancient Mesopotamian mythology, wartime comrade and friend of Gilgamesh, king of Uruk.Their exploits were composed in Sumerian poems and in the Akkadian Epic of Gilgamesh, written during the 2nd millennium BC.