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The Jesuits, who were not above getting involved in politics, were distrusted for their closeness to the pope and his power in independent nations' religious and political affairs. In France, it was a combination of many influences, from Jansenism to free-thought , to the then-prevailing impatience with the Ancien Régime . [ 2 ]
Pope Clement XIV and the customs of the Catholic Church in Rome are described in letters of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and of his father Leopold Mozart, written from Rome in April and May 1770 during their tour of Italy. Leopold found the upper clergy offensively haughty, but was received, with his son, by the pope, where Wolfgang demonstrated an ...
Pope Clement XIV disbanded the Jesuit order in 1773 and the order was not active while work on the Constitution was ongoing. On 4 May, a total of 20 paragraphs were adopted, but on the same day there was a new debate on paragraph 2, on freedom of religion.
The opening page of Dominus ac Redemptor in French and Latin. The document is forty-five paragraphs long. In the introductory paragraph Clement XIV gives the tone: Our Lord has come on earth as "Prince of peace". This mission of peace, transmitted to the apostles is a duty of the successors of Saint Peter, a responsibility the pope fulfils by encouraging institutions fostering peace and removi
Pope Clement XIV died suddenly on September 22, 1774, at the age of 68. His pontificate had been dominated by the problem of the Society of Jesus . The various courts under the House of Bourbon and the Kingdom of Portugal (under the House of Braganza ) urged the general suppression of the order.
Portugal's Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, Marquis of Pombal was the main enemy of the Jesuits. Pope Clement XIII attempted to keep the Jesuits in existence without any changes: Sint ut sunt aut not sint ("Leave them as they are or not at all.") [13] In 1773, European rulers united to force Pope Clement XIV to dissolve the order officially ...
Jansenism was a 17th- and 18th-century theological movement within Roman Catholicism, primarily active in France, which arose as an attempt to reconcile the theological concepts of free will and divine grace in response to certain developments in the Catholic Church, but later developing political and philosophical aspects in opposition to royal absolutism.
Matteo Ricci (left) and Xu Guangqi (right) in the Chinese edition of Euclid's Elements (Chinese: 幾何原本) published in 1670. The Chinese Rites controversy (simplified Chinese: 中国礼仪之争; traditional Chinese: 中國禮儀之爭; pinyin: Zhōngguó lǐyí zhī zhēng) was a dispute among Catholic missionaries over the religiosity of Confucianism and Chinese rituals during the 17th ...