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474 AD: Great Fire of Constantinople [1] 532 AD: Nika Riots and Fire of Constantinople; 537 AD: Completion of the Hagia Sophia by Justinian I [2] [3] [4] 626 AD: First siege of Constantinople; 674–678 AD: First Arab siege of Constantinople; 717–718 AD: Second Arab siege of Constantinople; 1204 AD: Sack of Constantinople; 1261 AD: Reconquest ...
The history of Constantinople covers the period from the Consecration of the city in 330, when Constantinople became the new capital of the Roman Empire, to its conquest by the Ottomans in 1453. Constantinople was rebuilt practically from scratch on the site of Byzantium .
The age of Constantine marked a distinct epoch in the history of the Roman Empire. [7] He built a new imperial residence at Byzantium and renamed the city Constantinople after himself. This marks the beginning of Byzantine history. As emperor, Constantine enacted administrative, financial, social, and military reforms to strengthen the empire.
The city served as an imperial capital for almost 1600 years: during the Byzantine (330–1204), Latin (1204–1261), late Byzantine (1261–1453), and Ottoman (1453–1922) empires. [12] The city grew in size and influence, eventually becoming a beacon of the Silk Road and one of the most important cities in history.
This is a timeline of Roman history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in the Roman Kingdom and Republic and the Roman and Byzantine Empires. To read about the background of these events, see Ancient Rome and History of the Byzantine Empire .
Constantinople was built over six years, and consecrated on 11 May 330. [6] [39] Constantine divided the expanded city, like Rome, into 14 regions, and ornamented it with public works worthy of an imperial metropolis. [40] Yet, at first, Constantine's new Rome did not have all the dignities of old Rome.
In the final years of the Byzantine Empire, the population of Constantinople had fallen steadily, throwing the great imperial city into the shadow of its past glory. For Mehmed II , conquest was only the first stage; the second was giving the old city an entirely new cosmopolitan social structure.
After 1204, the Byzantine Empire was partitioned into various successor states, with the Latin Empire in control of Constantinople. Following the Fourth Crusade, the Byzantine Empire had fractured into the Greek successor-states of Nicaea, Epirus, and Trebizond, with a multitude of Frankish and Latin possessions occupying the remainder, nominally subject to the Latin Emperors at Constantinople.