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The cerebral peduncles (In Latin, ped-means 'foot'.) are the two stalks that attach the cerebrum to the brainstem. [1] They are structures at the front of the midbrain which arise from the ventral pons and contain the large ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) tracts that run to and from the cerebrum from the pons.
The efferent pathways include the cerebellorubral, dentatothalamic, and fastigioreticular tracts. All of them emerge from the deep cerebellar nuclei; the cerebellorubral fibers from the globose nucleus and emboliform nucleus, the dentatothalamic fibers from the dentate nucleus, and the fastigioreticular fibers from the fastigial nucleus.
All the fibers from the corticopontine system terminate in the pontine nuclei.The fibers descend through the sublenticular and retrolenticular of internal capsule, then traverse the midbrain through the basis pedunculi (i.e. ventral part of cerebral peduncle) to reach the pontine nuclei and synapse with neurons that give rise to pontocerebellar fibers.
The superior cerebellar peduncle connects to the midbrain. It consists mainly of efferent fibers , the cerebellothalamic tract that runs from a cerebellar hemisphere to the contralateral thalamus , and the cerebellorubral tract that runs from a cerebellar hemisphere to the red nucleus .
The principal regions of the midbrain are the tectum, the cerebral aqueduct, tegmentum, and the cerebral peduncles. Rostrally the midbrain adjoins the diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, etc.), while caudally it adjoins the hindbrain (pons, medulla and cerebellum). [5] In the rostral direction, the midbrain noticeably splays laterally.
The middle cerebellar peduncle is the largest of the three cerebellar peduncles. It connects the pons and cerebellum.It consists almost entirely of fibers passing from the pons to the cerebellum (fibrocerebellar fibers); the fibers arise from the pontine nuclei and decussate within the pons before entering the peduncle [1] to end in the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere.
The red nucleus is pale pink, which is believed to be due to the presence of iron in at least two different forms: hemoglobin and ferritin. [2] The structure is located in the midbrain tegmentum next to the substantia nigra and comprises caudal magnocellular and rostral parvocellular components. [1]
The frontopontine fibers or frontopontine tract are corticopontine fibers projecting from the cortex of the frontal lobe to the pons. In the internal capsule, the fibers descend predominately in the anterior limb (but some also in the posterior limb), passing inferior to the thalamus to reach the mesencephalon (midbrain) where they descend in the medial portion of base of the cerebral peduncles.