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While calipers are the most typical use of vernier scales today, they were originally developed for angle-measuring instruments such as astronomical quadrants. In some languages, the vernier scale is called a nonius after Portuguese mathematician and cosmographer Pedro Nunes (Latin Petrus Nonius, 1502–1578).
The nonius was created in 1542 as a system for taking finer measurements on circular instruments such as the astrolabe. The system was eventually adapted into the Vernier scale in 1631 by the French mathematician Pierre Vernier .
Animated vernier scale (“Nonius”): The lower rectangle is divided into 10 sections but is equal in length to 9 sections in the upper scale. It is used, e.g., in a vernier caliper. Vernier acuity (from the term "vernier scale", named after astronomer Pierre Vernier) is a type of visual acuity – more precisely of hyperacuity – that ...
The main scale reading is the rightmost graduation that is to the left of the zero on the vernier scale. The vernier reading is found by locating the best aligned lines between the two scales. The 0.02 mm engraving indicates the caliper's accuracy and is the "Vernier constant" for this scale. He was born in Ornans, France, in 1580. He was ...
Vernier himself used to say that his invention was a perfected nonius and for a long time it was known as the “nonius”, even in France. [7] In some languages, the Vernier scale is still named after Nunes, for example nonieskala in Swedish. Pedro Nunes also worked on some mechanics problems, from a mathematical point of view.
The vernier scales may include metric measurements on the lower part of the scale and inch measurements on the upper, or vice versa, in countries that use inches. Vernier calipers commonly used in industry provide a precision to 0.01 mm (10 micrometres ), or one thousandth of an inch.
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Main scale (cm) Main scale (inch) Vernier (cm) Vernier (inch) Retainer: used to block/release movable part; Deutsch: Illustration eines Messschieber mit Nonius. Der ...