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Charles II [a] (6 November 1661 – 1 November 1700) [b] was King of Spain from 1665 to 1700. The last monarch from the House of Habsburg, which had ruled Spain since 1516, he died without children, leading to a European conflict over his successor. For reasons still debated, Charles experienced lengthy periods of ill health throughout his life.
Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) [c] was King of Scotland from 1649 until 1651 and King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from the 1660 Restoration of the monarchy until his death in 1685. Charles II was the eldest surviving child of Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland and Henrietta Maria of France.
The same year, Charles II ordered the building of a Royal yacht HMY Saudadoes for her, used for pleasure trips on the River Thames and to maintain communications with the Queen's homeland of Portugal, making the journey twice. [11] Catherine fainted when Charles's official mistress, Barbara Palmer was presented to her.
Charles II was crowned at Westminster Abbey on 23 April 1661, following the Restoration of the monarchy. Following the death of Cromwell in 1658 a power struggle ensued. General George Monck —who had fought for the King until his capture, but had joined Cromwell during the Interregnum—brought an army down from his base in Scotland and ...
Charles was born in Évreux, the son of Philip of Évreux and Joan II of Navarre. [2] His father was first cousin to King Philip VI of France, while his mother, Joan, was the only daughter of Louis X of France.
The Stuart Restoration was the reinstatement in May 1660 of the Stuart monarchy in England, Scotland, and Ireland.It replaced the Commonwealth of England, established in January 1649 after the execution of Charles I, with his son Charles II.
The immediate cause was the death of the childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700, which led to a struggle for control of the Spanish Empire between supporters of the French Bourbons and the Habsburgs. Charles named his heir as Philip of Anjou, a grandson of Louis XIV of France, whose claim was backed by France and most of Spain.
The Royalist Army in Exile was the army formed by those loyal to Charles II from 1656 to 1660 during his exile from the throne. They were a mixture of Royalist troops from his three Kingdoms. It included men from England and Scotland , but the bulk were Catholics from Ireland , many of whom had previously served in the Irish Confederate armies.