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A rendition of the Vauquois triangle, illustrating the various approaches to the design of machine translation systems.. The direct, transfer-based machine translation and interlingual machine translation methods of machine translation all belong to RBMT but differ in the depth of analysis of the source language and the extent to which they attempt to reach a language-independent ...
The vaporetto is a Venetian public waterbus. There are 19 scheduled lines [ 1 ] that serve locales within Venice, and travel between Venice and nearby islands, such as Murano , Burano , and Lido . The name, vaporetto , could be translated as "little steamer", and refers to similarly purposed ships in the past that were run by steam.
Other methods are polysome profiling, full-length translating mRNA profiling , and translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP-seq). [4] Unlike the transcriptome , the translatome is a more accurate approximation for estimating the expression level of some genes , since the correlation between the proteome and translatome is higher than ...
Bernard Vauquois' pyramid showing comparative depths of intermediary representation with interlingual machine translation at the peak, followed by transfer-based, then direct translation. Transfer-based machine translation is a type of machine translation (MT). It is currently one of the most widely used methods of machine translation.
In this method of translation, the interlingua can be thought of as a way of describing the analysis of a text written in a source language such that it is possible to convert its morphological, syntactic, semantic (and even pragmatic) characteristics, that is "meaning" into a target language. This interlingua is able to describe all of the ...
GNMT improved on the quality of translation by applying an example-based (EBMT) machine translation method in which the system learns from millions of examples of language translation. [2] GNMT's proposed architecture of system learning was first tested on over a hundred languages supported by Google Translate. [2]
Machine translation enjoyed a fierce research interest during the 1950s and 1960s, which was followed by a stagnation until the 1980s. [7] After the 1980s, machine translation became mainstream again, enjoying an even bigger popularity than in the 1950s and 1960s as well as rapid expansion, largely based on the text corpora approach.
In his 1998 book The Scandals of Translation: Towards an Ethics of Difference, Venuti states that "Domestication and foreignization deal with 'the question of how much a translation assimilates a foreign text to the translating language and culture, and how much it rather signals the differences of that text'".