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Restitution in moral theology and soteriology signifies an act of commutative justice by which exact reparation as far as possible is made for an injury that has been done to another. [1] In the teaching of certain Christian denominations , restitution is an essential part in salvation .
According to Thomas Slater, writing in the Catholic Encyclopedia, reparation is a theological concept closely connected with those of atonement and satisfaction.Although God could have chosen to condone the sins of humanity, in divine providence, he instead judged it better to demand satisfaction through reparation and penance for sins of humanity.
Monetary restitution had to be given in the pre-exile version of the currency (the shekel of the sanctuary), rather than the currency of the time, giving rise to a need for currency exchange in the Temple (hence the New Testament narrative of Jesus and the Money Changers). Such compensation payments were given on occasion of: [3]
The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges notes that this was "the very least the slave could have done, [as] to make money in this way required no personal exertion or intelligence", [16] and Johann Bengel commented that the labour of digging a hole and burying the talent was greater than the labour involved in going to the bankers. [17]
The principle of reparation dates back to the lex talionis of Hebrew Scripture. Anglo-Saxon courts in England before the Norman conquest also contained this principle. Under the English legal system judges must consider making a compensation order as part of the sentence for a crime.
Reparations are broadly understood as compensation given for an abuse or injury. [1] The colloquial meaning of reparations has changed substantively over the last century. In the early 1900s, reparations were interstate exchanges (see war reparations) that were punitive mechanisms determined by treaty and paid by the surrendering side of a conflict, such as the World War I reparations paid by ...
In Christianity, salvation (also called deliverance or redemption) is the saving of human beings from sin and its consequences [a] —which include death and separation from God—by Christ's death and resurrection, [1] and the justification entailed by this salvation.
According to Fee, John has more differences than the other gospels because in Codex Sinaiticus, John 1:1–8:38 and parts of chapters 16 and 21 have early Western Christian writing ancestry. [ 4 ] Codex Sinaiticus is designated by siglum א, and Codex Vaticanus by alpha character B.