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  2. Unpolarized light - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unpolarized_light

    Unpolarized light can be produced from the incoherent combination of vertical and horizontal linearly polarized light, or right- and left-handed circularly polarized light. [1] Conversely, the two constituent linearly polarized states of unpolarized light cannot form an interference pattern , even if rotated into alignment ( Fresnel–Arago 3rd ...

  3. Polarization (waves) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization_(waves)

    Light or other electromagnetic radiation from many sources, such as the sun, flames, and incandescent lamps, consists of short wave trains with an equal mixture of polarizations; this is called unpolarized light. Polarized light can be produced by passing unpolarized light through a polarizer, which allows waves of only one polarization to pass ...

  4. Brewster's angle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewster's_angle

    Polarized sunglasses use a sheet of polarizing material to block horizontally-polarized light and thus reduce glare in such situations. These are most effective with smooth surfaces where specular reflection (thus from light whose angle of incidence is the same as the angle of reflection defined by the angle observed from) is dominant, but even ...

  5. Polarizer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarizer

    There are several ways to create circularly polarized light, the cheapest and most common involves placing a quarter-wave plate after a linear polarizer and directing unpolarized light through the linear polarizer. The linearly polarized light leaving the linear polarizer is transformed into circularly polarized light by the quarter wave plate.

  6. Birefringence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birefringence

    Natural light, so-called unpolarized light, consists of equal amounts of energy in any two orthogonal polarizations. Even linearly polarized light has some energy in both polarizations, unless aligned along one of the two axes of birefringence.

  7. Plane of polarization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane_of_polarization

    In 1821, Augustin-Jean Fresnel announced his hypothesis that light waves are exclusively transverse and therefore always polarized in the sense of having a particular transverse orientation, and that what we call unpolarized light is in fact light whose orientation is rapidly and randomly changing.

  8. Mueller calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mueller_calculus

    Mueller calculus is a matrix method for manipulating Stokes vectors, which represent the polarization of light. It was developed in 1943 by Hans Mueller . In this technique, the effect of a particular optical element is represented by a Mueller matrix—a 4×4 matrix that is an overlapping generalization of the Jones matrix .

  9. Polarizing filter (photography) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarizing_filter...

    Circular polarizer/linear analyzer [1] filtering unpolarized light and then circularly polarizing the result. A polarizing filter or polarising filter (see spelling differences) is a filter that is often placed in front of a camera lens in photography in order to darken skies, manage reflections, or suppress glare from the surface of lakes or the sea.