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A vaso-occlusive crisis is a common painful complication of sickle cell anemia in adolescents and adults. [1] [2] It is a form of sickle cell crisis.Sickle cell anemia – most common in those of African, Hispanic, and Mediterranean origin – leads to sickle cell crisis when the circulation of blood vessels is obstructed by sickled red blood cells, causing ischemic injuries.
[2] [8] [9] VOCs tend to evaporate and then to be inhaled into the lungs or adsorbed by dust, which can also be inhaled. [2] Aerosolized (spray) cleaning products are important risk factors and may aggravate symptoms of adult asthma, [9] respiratory irritation, [2] childhood asthma, wheeze, bronchitis, and allergy. [8]
Sick building syndrome can be caused by one's home. Laminate flooring may release more SBS-causing chemicals than do stone, tile, and concrete floors. [17] Recent redecorating and new furnishings within the last year are associated with increased symptoms; so are dampness and related factors, having pets, and cockroaches. [17]
The VOC Solvents Emissions Directive was the main policy instrument for the reduction of industrial emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the European Union. It covers a wide range of solvent-using activities, e.g. printing, surface cleaning, vehicle coating, dry cleaning and manufacture of footwear and pharmaceutical products.
Indoor materials such as gypsum boards or carpet act as VOC 'sinks', by trapping VOC vapors for extended periods of time, and releasing them by outgassing. The VOCs can also undergo transformation at the surface through interaction with ozone. [42] In both cases, these delayed emissions can result in chronic and low-level exposures to VOCs. [50]
It is still employed with a focus on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) found in body odor. [2] VOCs are carbon-based molecular groups having a low molecular weight, secreted during cells' metabolic processes. [3] Their profiles may be altered by diseases such as cancer, metabolic disorders, genetic disorders, infections, and among others.
Breath gas analysis is a method for gaining information on the clinical state of an individual by monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in the exhaled breath. Exhaled breath is naturally produced by the human body through expiration and therefore can be collected in non-invasively and in an unlimited way. [ 1 ]
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may have higher concentrations in confined indoor environments, due to restricted infiltration of fresh air, as compared to the outdoor environment, leading to greater potential for toxic health exposures from a variety of chemical compounds. Health effects of odor are traced to the sensation of an odor or the ...