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Phenol is an organic compound appreciably soluble in water, with about 84.2 g dissolving in 1000 ml (0.895 M). Homogeneous mixtures of phenol and water at phenol to water mass ratios of ~2.6 and higher are possible. The sodium salt of phenol, sodium phenoxide, is far more water-soluble. It is a combustible solid (NFPA rating = 2).
This Wikipedia page provides a comprehensive list of boiling and freezing points for various solvents.
2,6-DMP is produced by the methylation of phenol. With production >100,000 tons/y, it is the most important xylenol. The methylation is carried out by contacting gaseous phenol and methanol at elevated temperatures in the presence of a solid acid catalyst: [2] [3] C 6 H 5 OH + 2 CH 3 OH → (CH 3) 2 C 6 H 3 OH + 2 H 2 O
Making Bakelite is a multi-stage process. It begins with the heating of phenol and formaldehyde in the presence of a catalyst such as hydrochloric acid, zinc chloride, or the base ammonia. This creates a liquid condensation product, referred to as Bakelite A, which is soluble in alcohol, acetone, or additional phenol. Heated further, the ...
Since formaldehyde exists predominantly in solution as a dynamic equilibrium of methylene glycol oligomers, the concentration of the reactive form of formaldehyde depends on temperature and pH. Phenol reacts with formaldehyde at the ortho and para sites (sites 2, 4 and 6) allowing up to 3 units of formaldehyde to attach to the ring. The initial ...
2-Iodophenol (o-iodophenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the formula IC 6 H 4 OH. It is a pale yellow solid that melts near room temperature. It undergoes a variety of coupling reactions in which the iodine substituent is replaced by a new carbon group ortho to the hydroxy group of the phenol, which can be followed by cyclization to form heterocycles.
Cresols commonly occur as either solids or liquids because their melting points are generally close to room temperature. Like other types of phenols, they are slowly oxidized by exposure to air , and the resulting impurities often give the samples a yellow to brownish red tint.
[2] [7] BPA is produced on an industrial scale by the condensation reaction of phenol and acetone. Global production in 2022 was estimated to be in the region of 10 million tonnes. [8] BPA's largest single application is as a co-monomer in the production of polycarbonates, which accounts for 65–70% of all BPA production.