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When the gas is not ideal, these equations give only an approximation of the bulk modulus. In a fluid, the bulk modulus K {\displaystyle K} and the density ρ {\displaystyle \rho } determine the speed of sound c {\displaystyle c} ( pressure waves ), according to the Newton-Laplace formula
The Van der Waals equation is an example of an equation of state for a realistic gas. ... For ordinary materials, the bulk compressibility (sum of the linear ...
where () and () are the rock bulk moduli saturated with fluid 1 and fluid 2, () and () are the bulk moduli of the fluids themselves, and is the rock's porosity. Step 3: Leave the shear modulus unchanged (rigidity is independent of fluid type):
The viscosity equation further presupposes that there is only one type of gas molecules, and that the gas molecules are perfect elastic and hard core particles of spherical shape. This assumption of elastic, hard core spherical molecules, like billiard balls, implies that the collision cross section of one molecule can be estimated by σ = π ...
If one sets out to determine the specific volume of an ideal gas, such as super heated steam, using the equation ν = RT/P, where pressure is 2500 lbf/in 2, R is 0.596, temperature is 1960 °R. In that case, the specific volume would equal 0.4672 in 3 /lb.
Substituting from the ideal gas equation gives finally: = where n = number of moles of gas in the thermodynamic system under consideration and R = universal gas constant. On a per mole basis, the expression for difference in molar heat capacities becomes simply R for ideal gases as follows:
In physics, the thermal equation of state is a mathematical expression of pressure P, temperature T, and, volume V.The thermal equation of state for ideal gases is the ideal gas law, expressed as PV=nRT (where R is the gas constant and n the amount of substance), while the thermal equation of state for solids is expressed as:
A Fermi gas is an idealized model, ... the electron degeneracy pressure contributes to the compressibility or bulk modulus of the material ... the equations of ...