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Total population for the five nations has been estimated at 20,000 before 1634. After 1635 the population dropped to around 6,800, chiefly due to the epidemic of smallpox introduced by contact with European settlers. [197] The Iroquois lived in extended families divided clans headed by clan mothers that grouped into moieities ("halves").
Iroquois mythology tells that the Iroquoian people have their origin in a woman who fell from the sky, [2] and that they have always been on Turtle Island. [3] Iroquoian societies were affected by the wave of infectious diseases resulting from the arrival of Europeans. For example, it is estimated that by the mid-17th century, the Huron ...
They historically spoke the Wyandot language, a Northern Iroquoian language. They were believed to number more than 30,000 at the time of European contact in the 1610s to 1620s. [12] [page needed] In 1975 and 1978, archaeologists excavated a large 15th-century Huron village, now called the Draper site, in Pickering, Ontario near Lake Ontario.
The research identifies other aspects of European contact that had profoundly negative impacts on Native peoples' ability to survive foreign invasion: war, massacres, enslavement, overwork, deportation, the loss of will to live or reproduce, malnutrition and starvation from the breakdown of trade networks, and the loss of subsistence food ...
The Monongahela practiced maize agriculture, and lived in well laid out villages, some of which consisted of as many as 50-100 structures. They traded with other Indian groups who in turn traded with Europeans. The Monongahela seem to have disappeared some time during the 1620s or 1630s before having significant direct contact with Europeans.
That year they besieged a Fox village on the Sangamon River and conducted a brutal attack. By the mid 1700s, the 12 or 13 tribes of the Confederation had dwindled to five: the Cahokia, Kaskaskia, Michigamea, Peoria, and Tamaroa. [23] [27] European diseases drastically reduced the numbers of the Illinois. The wars had arisen due to the conflicts ...
The Iroquois's population had been devastated by losses because of European diseases like smallpox for they had no immunity, and when the Iroquois finally made peace with the French in 1667, one of the terms was the French had to hand over all of the Wendat who had fled to New France. [19]
Since the 1990s, they have concluded that there may have been as many as 25 tribes among the St. Lawrence Iroquoians, who numbered anywhere from 8,000 to 10,000 people. [1] They lived in the river lowlands and east of the Great Lakes, including in present-day northern New York and Vermont. [7]