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An adult horse has an average rate of respiration at rest of 12 to 24 breaths per minute. [3] Young foals have higher resting respiratory rates than adult horses, usually 36 to 40 breaths per minute. [3] Heat and humidity can raise the respiration rate considerably, especially if the horse has a dark coat and is in the sun.
Recurrent airway obstruction, also known as broken wind, heaves, wind-broke horse, or sometimes by the term usually reserved for humans, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or disorder (COPD) – it is a respiratory disease or chronic condition of horses involving an allergic bronchitis characterised by wheezing, coughing and laboured breathing.
However, while horses have choked on beet pulp, a university study did not document that beet pulp is a particular problem. [4] It is believed that choke related to beet pulp is linked to the particle size and the horse's aggressive feeding behaviour, rather than the actual feed itself. [ 5 ]
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Horses are considered obligate nasal breathers. The respiratory system of the horse prevents horses from breathing orally. The epiglottis rests above the soft palate while the animal is not swallowing, forming an airtight seal. Oral breathing can only occur with significant anatomical abnormalities or pathological conditions.
Strangles (also called equine distemper) is a contagious upper respiratory tract infection of horses and other equines caused by a Gram-positive bacterium, Streptococcus equi. [1] As a result, the lymph nodes swell, compressing the pharynx , larynx , and trachea , and can cause airway obstruction leading to death, hence the name strangles. [ 2 ]
Jersey calf with wry nose. Wry nose is a deviation of the rostral maxilla, meaning that the upper jaw and nose are deviated to one side. [1] This usually causes the nasal septum (the cartilage plate that separates the right and left nasal passageways) to be deviated as well, resulting in obstruction of the airway, and breathing difficulties. [1]
Laryngeal paralysis in animals is a condition in which the nerves and muscles that control the movements of one or both arytenoid cartilages of the larynx cease to function, and instead of opening during aspiration and closing during swallowing, the arytenoids remain stationary in a somewhat neutral position.