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Vectorization first creates a resolution-independent vector representation of the graphic to be scaled. Then the resolution-independent version is rendered as a raster image at the desired resolution. This technique is used by Adobe Illustrator Live Trace, Inkscape, and several recent papers. [6]
DPI is used to describe the resolution number of dots per inch in a digital print and the printing resolution of a hard copy print dot gain, which is the increase in the size of the halftone dots during printing. This is caused by the spreading of ink on the surface of the media.
For example, a 100×100 pixel image printed in a 2 inch square has a resolution of 50 pixels per inch. Used this way, the measurement is meaningful when printing an image. In many applications, such as Adobe Photoshop, the program is designed so that one creates new images by specifying the output device and PPI (pixels per inch).
Image scaling can be interpreted as a form of image resampling or image reconstruction from the view of the Nyquist sampling theorem.According to the theorem, downsampling to a smaller image from a higher-resolution original can only be carried out after applying a suitable 2D anti-aliasing filter to prevent aliasing artifacts.
Images can often be improved – or even transformed – by using graphics software such as Photoshop or the free GIMP and Paint.NET applications. Many other programs also have photo-enhancing tools, including facilities for semi-automatic image enhancement, so that you need only click a button, or choose a thumbnail, to have a positive effect on image quality.
Subpixel rendering is a method used to increase the effective resolution of a color display device. It takes advantage of each pixel's composition of individually addressable red, green, and blue components adjacent on the display matrix, called subpixels, and uses them as rendering units instead of pixels.