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Status epilepticus is a life-threatening medical emergency, particularly if treatment is delayed. [1] Status epilepticus may occur in those with a history of epilepsy as well as those with an underlying problem of the brain. [2] These underlying brain problems may include trauma, infections, or strokes, among others.
Status epilepticus is a seizure "lasting longer than 30 minutes or a series of seizures without return to the baseline level of alertness between seizures." [ 12 ] Epilepsia partialis continua is a rare type of focal motor seizure, commonly involving the hands or face , which recurs with intervals of seconds or minutes, lasting for extended ...
Convulsive status epilepticus that does not respond to initial treatment typically requires admission to the intensive care unit and treatment with stronger agents such as midazolam infusion, ketamine, thiopentone or propofol. [106] Most institutions have a preferred pathway or protocol to be used in a seizure emergency like status epilepticus ...
[3] [8] If a seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes, it is a medical emergency (status epilepticus) and needs immediate treatment. [3] [5] [9] Seizures can be classified as provoked or unprovoked. [3] [6] Provoked seizures have a cause that can be fixed, such as low blood sugar, alcohol withdrawal, high fever, recent stroke, and recent head trauma.
[2] [5] It is a type of new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE). [5] The seizures are often resistant to treatment. [2] High doses of benzodiazepines or barbiturates are often used, with care taking place in the intensive care unit. [2] A ketogenic diet may help in some cases. [1] The medications anakinra or tocilizumab have been tried. [2]
Seizures begin before 20 months of age and in most cases, the first seizures occur with fever and are generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) or unilateral (one-sided) convulsions. These seizures are often prolonged, and may lead to status epilepticus, a medical emergency. In time, seizures increase in frequency and begin to occur without fever.