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Dechlorination is a well-researched reaction in organic synthesis, although it is not often used.Usually stoichiometric amounts of dechlorinating agent are required. In one classic application, the Ullmann reaction, chloroarenes are coupled to biphenyl]]s.
As a halogen, chlorine is a highly efficient disinfectant, and is added to public water supplies to kill disease-causing pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoans, that commonly grow in water supply reservoirs, on the walls of water mains and in storage tanks. [16]
Chloramination is the treatment of drinking water with a chloramine disinfectant. [1] Both chlorine and small amounts of ammonia are added to the water one at a time which react together to form chloramine (also called combined chlorine), a long lasting disinfectant.
"Wastewater Technology Fact Sheets". Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 25 June 2015. Primer for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Systems (Report). EPA. 2004. EPA 832-R-04-001. Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technology Database EPA.
Biological treatment is needed to treat wastewater containing biodegradable elements. It is commonly used in municipal and industrial wastewater management facilities and usually consists in adding common bacteria and other microbes, mostly environmentally friendly, to treat the water.
Shewanella has been seen in laboratory settings to bioreduce a substantial amount of palladium and dechlorinate near 70% of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). [13] The production of nanoparticles by S. oneidensis MR-1 are closely associated to the MTR pathway [3] (e.g. silver nanoparticles), or the hydrogenase pathway [14] (e.g. palladium ...
Industrial wastewater treatment – the treatment of wet wastes from manufacturing industry and commerce including mining, quarrying and heavy industries. Agricultural wastewater treatment – treatment and disposal of liquid animal waste, pesticide residues etc. from agriculture.
The RBC process allows the wastewater to come in contact with a biological film in order to remove pollutants in the wastewater before discharge of the treated wastewater to the environment, usually a body of water (river, lake or ocean). A rotating biological contactor is a type of secondary (biological) treatment process.