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The revolution was unique for the surprise it created throughout the world, [48] and followed the maxim of appearing "impossible" until it seemed "inevitable". [49] Some of the customary causes of revolution that were lacking include defeat at war, peasant rebellion, gigantic national debt, poor economy; disgruntled military [50]
The Iranian Revolution was a gendered revolution; much of the new regime's rhetoric was centered on the position of women in society. [178] Beyond rhetoric, thousands of women were also heavily mobilized in the revolution itself, [179] and different groups of women actively participated alongside their male counterparts. [180]
Afshari, M. R. “The Pishivaran and Merchants in Precapitalist Iranian Society: An Essay on the Background and Causes of the Constitutional Revolution.” International Journal of Middle East Studies, 15(2), 133-155. Amuzegar, J. The Dynamics of the Iranian Revolution: The Pahlavis' Triumph and Tragedy. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Iran's scientific progress is subject to many problems including funding, international sanctions, and management. However, in some areas such as medicine, surgery, pharmacology, stem cell research and theoretical physics (e.g., string theory), [74] Iranian scientists have found international reputation since the Iranian revolution. Nuclear ...
In his famed January–February 1970 lectures to students in Najaf, Khomeini spelled out his system of "Islamic Government" based on the principle of velayat-e faqih. He argued that since Muslims, in fact everyone, required "guardianship," in the form of rule or supervision, true Islamic government must be by the leading Islamic jurist or jurists—such as Khomeini himself. [15]
After the 1979 Iranian Islamic Revolution, Nouri, as the leader of the Constitutional Revolution's opponents, was celebrated enough in the Islamic Republic to have an expressway named after him. [39] This was despite the fact that Nouri was defending the monarchy against the constitution, and the Islamic Revolution (before Khomeini consolidated ...
Iranian Zolfaghar and Fateh-110 short-range surface-to-surface ballistic missiles – should Russia get its hand on them – could represent a major challenge for Ukrainian air defences, Oleh ...
The revolution caused a deep rift between Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and Iranian Shia religious scholars, Ulama. They claimed these changes were a serious threat to Islam . Imam Khomeini was one of the objectors [ 8 ] who held a meeting with other Maraji and scholars in Qom and boycotted the referendum of the revolution.