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English law acknowledges a fixed number, or numerus clausus of property rights, which create various privileges. The main situations where this distinction matters are if a debtor to two or more creditors has gone insolvent (i.e. bankrupt), or if there is a dispute over possession of a specific thing.
Land law, or the law of "real" property, is the most significant area of property law that is typically compulsory on university courses. Although capital, often held in corporations and trusts, has displaced land as the dominant repository of social wealth, land law still determines the quality and cost of people's home life, where businesses and industry can be run, and where agriculture ...
The meaning of land in English law encompasses a number of things, beyond the earth itself, such as fixtures, and easements. Its definition is practically important in English land law, because when a purchase of property in land is made, without specifying what exactly will be transferred, the law must give an answer as to what should accompany the transfer.
Indigenous land rights are recognized by international law, as well as the national legal systems of common law and civil law countries. In common law jurisdictions, the land rights of indigenous peoples are referred to as aboriginal title. In customary law jurisdictions, customary land is the predominant form of land ownership.
The history of English land law can be traced back to Roman times. Throughout the Early Middle Ages , where England came under rule of post-Roman chieftains and Anglo-Saxon monarchs , land was the dominant source of personal wealth.
Easements in English law are certain rights in English land law that a person has over another's land. Rights recognised as easements range from very widespread forms of rights of way, most rights to use service conduits such as telecommunications cables, power supply lines, supply pipes and drains, rights to use communal gardens and rights of light to more strained and novel forms.
English law has retained the common law distinction between real property and personal property, whereas the civil law distinguishes between "movable" and "immovable" property. In English law, real property is not confined to the ownership of property and the buildings sited thereon – often referred to as "land".
In the law of England and Wales following the incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights into English law, any deprivation of the rights of the owner of property must be "in accordance with law" as well as "necessary in a democratic society" and "proportionate".