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The Auger effect (/ oʊ ˈ ʒ eɪ /; French pronunciation:) or Auger−Meitner effect is a physical phenomenon in which atoms eject electrons. It occurs when an inner-shell vacancy in an atom is filled by an electron, releasing energy that causes the emission of another electron from a different shell of the same atom.
Internal conversion is an atomic decay process where an excited nucleus interacts electromagnetically with one of the orbital electrons of an atom. This causes the electron to be emitted (ejected) from the atom. [1] [2] Thus, in internal conversion (often abbreviated IC), a high-energy electron is emitted from the excited atom, but not from the ...
Figure 4. Fluorescence and Auger electron yields as a function of atomic number for K shell vacancies. Auger transitions (red curve) are more probable for lighter elements, while X-ray yield (dotted blue curve) becomes dominant at higher atomic numbers. Similar plots can be obtained for L and M shell transitions.
In optics and spectroscopy, the radiative Auger effect is a decay channel of an inner-shell atomic vacancy state, in which an X-ray photon is emitted accompanying simultaneous promotion of an electron into either a bound or a continuum state.
In contrast to traditional α- and β-particle emitters, Auger electron emitters exhibit low cellular toxicity during transit in blood or bone marrow. [3] Due to their low kinetic energy, emitted Auger electrons travel over a very short range: much less than the size of a single cell, on the order of less than a few-hundred nanometers. [4]
Internal conversion is a transition from a higher to a lower electronic state in a molecule or atom. [1] It is sometimes called "radiationless de-excitation", because no photons are emitted. It differs from intersystem crossing in that, while both are radiationless methods of de-excitation, the molecular spin state for internal conversion ...