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Ichthyosis (also named fish scale disease) [1] is a family of genetic skin disorders characterized by dry, thickened, scaly skin. [2] The more than 20 types of ichthyosis range in severity of symptoms, outward appearance, underlying genetic cause and mode of inheritance (e.g., dominant, recessive, autosomal or X-linked). [3]
A child with Harlequin-type ichthyosis.Visible plates on the skin, as well as a change in the appearance of the ears and fingers,which are symptoms of Harlequin-type ichthyosis. [ 10 ] Newborns with harlequin-type ichthyosis present with thick, fissured armor-plate hyperkeratosis . [ 11 ]
Ichthyosis vulgaris (also known as "autosomal dominant ichthyosis" [1] and "Ichthyosis simplex" [1]) is a skin disorder causing dry, scaly skin. It is the most common form, and one of the mildest forms, of ichthyosis, [2] [3]: 486 affecting around 1 in 250 people. [4] For this reason it is known as common ichthyosis.
X-linked ichthyosis (abbreviated XLI) is a skin condition caused by the hereditary deficiency of the steroid sulfatase (STS) enzyme that affects 1 in 2000 to 1 in 6000 males. [2] XLI manifests with dry, scaly skin [ 3 ] and is due to deletions [ 4 ] [ 5 ] or mutations [ 6 ] in the STS gene.
As with all types of ichthyosis, there is no cure but the symptoms can be relieved. Moisturizers; Prevention of overheating; Eye drops (to prevent the eyes from becoming dried out) Systemic Retinoids (isotretinoin and acitretin are very effective, but careful monitoring for toxicity is required. Only severe cases may require intermittent ...
Epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI), [a] is a severe form of dry scaly skin, that initially presents with redness, blisters, erosions, and peeling in a newborn baby. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Hyperkeratosis typically develops several months later. [ 6 ]
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Netherton syndrome is a severe, autosomal recessive [1] form of ichthyosis associated with mutations in the SPINK5 gene. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is named after Earl W. Netherton (1910–1985), an American dermatologist who discovered it in 1958.