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Between 1844 and 1855, coins were introduced in denominations of 1p, 5p, 10p, 20p, 1 ⁄ 2 pt, 1pt, 2pt, 5pt, 10pt, 20pt and LT 1 ⁄ 4, LT 1 ⁄ 2, LT 1, LT 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 and LT 5. The para denominations were struck in copper, the kuruş in silver and the lira in gold. The 1p was discontinued in 1859, with the higher copper denominations ceasing ...
Relatively few non-Chinese cast coins were produced by governments, however it was a common practice amongst counterfeiters. Since the early 18th century and before, presses (normally referred to as mills in coin collecting circles) have been used in the west, beginning with screw presses and progressing in the 19th century towards steam driven ...
The sultani (Ottoman Turkish: سلطاني) was an Ottoman gold coin. It was first minted in 1477–8 during the reign of Mehmed II (r. 1451–1481), following the Venetian ducat standard, [1] weighing about 3.45 grams (0.111 ozt). The sultani is the classic Ottoman gold coin also known generically as altın (آلتون, "gold").
Part of the value of this coin comes from the fact that it was engraved by L. Giorgi, an Italian considered the “most famous” of all Chinese coin engravers. One version sold for $420,000 in 2021.
Silk Road Coin Gallery, at the Shanghai Museum (with catalogue) Silk Road Coins at the British Museum - in the Joseph E. Hotung Gallery (Room 33) and the Citi Money Gallery (Room 68) Short-term. 1992 The Crossroads of Asia : transformation in image and symbol in the art of ancient Afghanistan and Pakistan (Fitzwilliam Museum, 1992). (see catalogue)
The akçe or akça (also spelled akche, akcheh; Ottoman Turkish: آقچه; Turkish pronunciation:, , in Europe known as asper or aspre) was a silver coin which was the chief monetary unit of the Ottoman Empire and was once used by Aq Qoyunlu in the early period. [1]
The Ottoman kuruş was introduced in 1688. It was initially a large silver piece (similar to the European thalers issued by the Ottomans), approximately equal to the French écu, or, from other sources, to the Spanish dollar. It was worth 40 para. In 1844, following sustained debasement, the gold lira was introduced, worth 100 kuruş.
Despite the government preferring paper money over copper-alloy cash coins, the Chinese market had a high demand for them, this demand would stimulate an overproduction of forgeries that inundated the markets of Ming China, often these forged cash coins were cast in such miserable quality that a single real Zhiqian could buy 300 fake ones. [11]