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The term flashbulb memory was coined by Roger Brown and James Kulik in 1977. [2] They formed the special-mechanism hypothesis, which argues for the existence of a special biological memory mechanism that, when triggered by an event exceeding critical levels of surprise and consequentiality, creates a permanent record of the details and circumstances surrounding the experience. [2]
For example, 9/11 is a common flashbulb memory due to the fact that it had subjective environmental, personal, and historical context to each individual old enough to remember the event. This study [ 3 ] conducted research that found a steady decrease in the accuracy and number of details remembered from a flashbulb memory after several months ...
Flash memory is an electronic non-volatile computer memory storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. The two main types of flash memory, NOR flash and NAND flash, are named for the NOR and NAND logic gates. Both use the same cell design, consisting of floating-gate MOSFETs. They differ at the circuit level depending on ...
Episodic memory is the memory of everyday events (such as times, location geography, associated emotions, and other contextual information) that can be explicitly stated or conjured. It is the collection of past personal experiences that occurred at particular times and places; for example, the party on one's 7th birthday. [1]
Memory capacity can be increased through a process called chunking. [29] For example, in recalling a ten-digit telephone number, a person could chunk the digits into three groups: first, the area code (such as 123), then a three-digit chunk (456), and, last, a four-digit chunk (7890). This method of remembering telephone numbers is far more ...
In light of middle-aged smokers reporting a higher likelihood of memory loss than nonsmokers, a 2022 study published in the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease found that smoking cessation from 45 to ...
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Flashbulb memory occurs when a very vivid memory of a traumatic, emotional, or significant event is recalled. [36] Researchers typically use public events such as the John F. Kennedy assassination and 9/11 as cues when studying flashbulb memories. [36]