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The sinocentric term that is ‘Celestial Empire’ had many implications for the construction of Chinese nationalism. That is, the euphemistic nature of term elevated social perception of the nation to a status of authoritative and commanding nature for citizens; thus, highlighting the terms significance in fostering Chinese nationalism during the rule of the Qing dynasty.
During this period, the term celestial was used by some to refer to the subjects of the Qing in a non-prejudicial manner, [72] derived from the term "Celestial Empire". However, the term celestial was also used in a pejorative manner during the 19th century, in reference to Chinese immigrants in Australasia and North America. [72]
Chinese Empire (or Empire of China) is a term referring to the realm ruled by the Emperor of China [1] during the era known as Imperial China. It was coined by western scholars and used to describe the Ming and Qing dynasties (or imperial Chinese dynasties in general).
Stars around the north celestial pole are grouped into three enclosures (垣, yuán). [1] The system of 283 asterisms under the Three Enclosures and Twenty-Eight Mansions was established by Chen Zhuo of the Three Kingdoms period, who synthesized ancient constellations and the asterisms created by early astronomers Shi Shen , Gan De and Wuxian ...
The earth surrounded by a Tian sphere rotating over it. The celestial bodies are attached to the Tian sphere. (See Zhang Heng § Astronomy and mathematics, Chinese creation myth.) Xuanye shuo (宣夜說) "Firmament hypothesis". The Tian is an infinite space. The celestial bodies were light matters floating on it moved by Qi.
For example, Altair is named 河鼓二 in Chinese. 河鼓 is the name of the asterism (literally the Drum at the River). 二 is the number designation (two). Therefore, it literally means "the Second Star of the Drum at the River". (Bayer might have called Altair "Beta Tympani Flumine" if he had been cataloguing Chinese constellations.)
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Spirit immortals do not leave the realm of spirits. Once enough merit is accumulated, they are called to heaven by a celestial decree. Tiānxiān (Chinese: 天仙; pinyin: Tiānxiān) —"Celestial Immortals" also known as "Heavenly Immortals" : Spirit immortals who are summoned to heaven are given the minor office of water realm judge. Over ...