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The Moon's surface exhibits many other geological features. In addition to mountains, valleys, and impact craters, the following surface features have received names in the Lunar nomenclature , many of them named after a nearby crater or mountain.
Geological studies of the Moon are based on a combination of Earth-based telescope observations, measurements from orbiting spacecraft, lunar samples, and geophysical data. . Six locations were sampled directly during the crewed Apollo program landings from 1969 to 1972, which returned 382 kilograms (842 lb) of lunar rock and lunar soil to Earth [8] In addition, three robotic Soviet Luna ...
Topography of the Moon. STL 3D model of the Moon with 10× elevation exaggeration rendered with data from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. Selenography is the study of the surface and physical features of the Moon (also known as geography of the Moon, or selenodesy). [1]
The names of the main volcanic features the maria (blue) and some crater (brown) features of the near side of the Moon. The main features visible from Earth by the naked eye are dark and relatively featureless lunar plains called maria (singular mare; Latin for "seas", as they were once believed to be filled with water) [125] are vast ...
Selenography – study of the surface and physical features of the Moon. Historically, the principal concern of selenographists was the mapping and naming of the lunar maria, craters, mountain ranges, and other various features.
In the same year, the first Complete Map of the Moon (1: 5 000 000 scale [26]) and updated complete globe (1: 10 000 000 scale), featuring 95 percent of the lunar surface, [26] were released in the Soviet Union. [31] [32] As many prominent landscape features of the far side were discovered by Soviet space probes, Soviet scientists selected ...
Conversely, the pole also contains areas with permanent exposure to sunlight. The south pole region features many craters and basins such as the South Pole–Aitken basin, which appears to be one of the most fundamental features of the Moon, [7] and mountains, such as Epsilon Peak at 9.050 km, taller than any mountain found on Earth. The south ...
Note that the Moon is nearly invisible from the Earth at New Moon phase except during a solar eclipse. The low angle of incidence of arriving sunlight tends to pick out features by the sharp shadows they cast, thus the area near the terminator is usually the most favorable for viewing or photographing lunar features through a telescope. The ...