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However, the condition may arise anywhere minor salivary glands are located. [nb 1] It has also been occasionally reported to involve the major salivary glands. [2] [3] It may be present only on one side, or both sides. [1] The lesion typically is 1–4 cm in diameter. [4] Initially, the lesion is a tender, erythematous (red) swelling. Later ...
Pleomorphic adenomas may recur after a very long time from primary surgery, on average over 7–10 years and up to 24 years. [10] [11] Survival rates due to malignancy depends on the patient and extent of disease. [4] A 10-year survival ranges from 32-83%. [4] Of all cancers, salivary gland tumors account for only 1%. [4]
DNA repair of double-strand breaks are much more difficult for a cell to repair, and more likely to lead to cell death. DNA repair mechanisms are quite efficient, [4] and during a cell's lifetime many thousands of single strand DNA breaks will be repaired. A sufficient dose of ionizing radiation, however, delivers so many DNA breaks that it ...
The two parotid glands are major salivary glands wrapped around the mandibular ramus in humans. [6] These are largest of the salivary glands, secreting saliva to facilitate mastication and swallowing, and amylase to begin the digestion of starches. [7] It is the serous type of gland which secretes alpha-amylase (also known as ptyalin). [8]
1990: Konigsberger and Gundlach separately performed sialoendoscopy when they introduced an endoscope into the major salivary glands. [3] [4] 1991, Katz introduced a 0.8-millimeter flexible endoscope to diagnose and treat salivary gland stones. [5] 1994, Nahlieli used a rigid miniendoscope to diagnose and treat major salivary gland obstructions ...
The salivary glands and tear glands have a radiation tolerance of about 30 Gy in 2 Gy fractions, a dose which is exceeded by most radical head and neck cancer treatments. Dry mouth ( xerostomia ) and dry eyes ( xerophthalmia ) can become irritating long-term problems and severely reduce the patient's quality of life .
Radiation therapy for cancers of the head and neck (including brachytherapy for thyroid cancers) where the salivary glands are close to or within the field irradiated is another major cause of xerostomia. [8] A radiation dose of 52 Gy is sufficient to cause severe salivary dysfunction.
Sialography (also termed radiosialography) is the radiographic examination of the salivary glands. It usually involves the injection of a small amount of contrast medium into the salivary duct of a single gland, followed by routine X-ray projections. [1] The resulting image is called a sialogram.