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Benzyl group and derivatives: Benzyl group, benzyl radical, benzyl amine, benzyl bromide, benzyl chloroformate, and benzyl methyl ether. R = heteroatom, alkyl, aryl, allyl etc. or other substituents. In organic chemistry, benzyl is the substituent or molecular fragment possessing the structure R−CH 2 −C 6 H 5.
The simplest aryl group is phenyl, which is made up of a benzene ring with one of its hydrogen atom replaced by some substituent, and has the molecular formula C 6 H 5 −. Note that a phenyl group is not the same as a benzyl group, the latter consisting of a phenyl group attached to a methyl group and a molecular formula of C 6 H 5 CH 2 −. [2]
where R, R', R" may be alkyl or aryl substituents. From the industrial perspective, oxidation of benzylic C-H bonds are conducted on a particularly large scale, e.g. production of terephthalic acid, benzoic acid, and cumene hydroperoxide. [16]
Another example of a non-benzylic monocyclic arene is the cyclopropenyl (cyclopropenium cation), which satisfies Hückel's rule with an n equal to 0. [12] Note, only the cationic form of this cyclic propenyl is aromatic, given that neutrality in this compound would violate either the octet rule or Hückel's rule. [12]
Aryl group; B. Benzyl group; P. Phenacyl group; Phenyl group; T. Tolyl group This page was last edited on 7 January 2023, at 21:29 (UTC). Text is available under ...
The aryl group can be coupled to another using arenediazonium salts. For example, treatment of benzenediazonium chloride with benzene (an aromatic compound) in the presence of sodium hydroxide gives diphenyl: [C 6 H 5 N 2] + Cl − + C 6 H 6 → (C 6 H 5) 2 + N 2 + HCl. This reaction is known as the Gomberg–Bachmann reaction.
Quaternary ammonium cation. The R groups may be the same or different alkyl or aryl groups. Also, the R groups may be connected. In organic chemistry, quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively-charged polyatomic ions of the structure [NR 4] +, where R is an alkyl group, an aryl group [1] or organyl group.
The aryl electrophile can be a halide (Br, Cl) or a triflate as well as benzyl or vinyl halides. The alkene must contain at least one sp 2-C-H bond. Electron-withdrawing substituents enhance the reaction, thus acrylates are ideal. [12]