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Copper(II) chloride, also known as cupric chloride, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cu Cl 2. The monoclinic yellowish-brown anhydrous form slowly absorbs moisture to form the orthorhombic blue-green dihydrate CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O , with two water molecules of hydration .
IR absorption spectrum of copper(I) chloride. Copper(I) chloride, commonly called cuprous chloride, is the lower chloride of copper, with the formula CuCl. The substance is a white solid sparingly soluble in water, but very soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid. Impure samples appear green due to the presence of copper(II) chloride (CuCl 2).
In crystallography, crystal structure is a description of ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material. [1] Ordered structures occur from intrinsic nature of constituent particles to form symmetric patterns that repeat along the principal directions of three-dimensional space in matter.
(c) Demonstration of how quadrupole-quadrupole interactions are involved in the crystal lattice structure. A quadrupole, like a dipole, is a permanent pole but the electric field of the molecule is not linear as in acetone, but in two dimensions. [25] Examples of molecular solids with quadrupoles are octafluoronaphthalene and naphthalene.
The structure thus resembles in some sense the main polymorphs of SiO 2, but cuprous oxide's lattices interpenetrate. Cu 2 O crystallizes in a cubic structure with a lattice constant a l = 4.2696 Å. The copper atoms arrange in a fcc sublattice, the oxygen atoms in a bcc sublattice. One sublattice is shifted by a quarter of the body diagonal.
One structure is the "interpenetrating primitive cubic" structure, also called a "caesium chloride" or B2 structure. This structure is often confused for a body-centered cubic structure because the arrangement of atoms is the same. However, the caesium chloride structure has a basis composed of two different atomic species.
"Nickel dichloride hexahydrate" consists of the chloride complex trans-[NiCl 2 (H 2 O) 4 plus water of crystallization. As indicated in the table below, many hydrates of metal chlorides are molecular complexes. [78] [79] These compounds are often important commercial sources of transition metal chlorides. Several hydrated metal chlorides are ...
This results in typical lattice and free energy differences between polymorphs that are often only a few kJ/mol, very rarely exceeding 10 kJ/mol. [10] Crystal structure prediction methods often locate many possible structures within this small energy range. These small energy differences are challenging to predict reliably without excessive ...