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Among all the city-states of Classical Greece, the most famous are certainly Athens and Sparta. Sometimes allies, often enemies, despite their shared language and culture, these two could not have ...
Sparta was divided over what to do about Athens itself. Lysander and King Agis were for total destruction as were Sparta's leading allies Corinth and Thebes. However, a more moderate faction led by Pausanias gained the upper hand. Athens was spared but her long walls and the fortifications of Piraeus were demolished.
413 Miletus and Khios betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League; 412 Alcibiades is expelled from Sparta, conspires to come back to Athens. 412 Methymna is occupied by Sparta; 412 Klazomenai and Kyzikus betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League; 412 Chios is sieged by Athens; 412 Aygrion dies and is succeeded by Aygris; 411 Sparta ...
The revolt was crushed by 494 BC, but Darius resolved to bring mainland Greece under his dominion. Many city-states made their submission to him, but others did not, notably including Athens and Sparta. [34] Darius thus sent his commanders Datis and Artaphernes to attack Attica, to punish Athens for her
The Battle of Mytilene was fought in 406 BC between Athens and Sparta. The Spartans were victorious. The Spartans were victorious. Shortly after the Battle of Notium , the Spartan Callicratidas took over command of the Peloponnesian fleet from Lysander .
Opposition to Sparta enabled Athens to establish a Second Athenian League. Finally Thebes defeated Sparta in 371 BC in the Battle of Leuctra. But then the Greek cities (including Athens and Sparta) turned against Thebes, whose dominance was stopped at the Battle of Mantinea (362 BC) with the death of its military-genius leader Epaminondas.
Athens remained aloof from this conflict by common consent. Sparta remained hostile to the Achaeans, and in 227 BC Sparta's king Cleomenes III invaded Achaea and seized control of the League. Aratus preferred distant Macedon to nearby Sparta, and allied himself with Doson, who in 222 BC defeated the Spartans and annexed their city – the first ...
In Greece, the First Peloponnesian War between the power-blocs of Athens and Sparta, which had continued on/off since 460 BC, finally ended in 445 BC, with the agreement of a thirty-year truce. [206] However, the growing enmity between Sparta and Athens would lead, just 14 years later, into the outbreak of the Second Peloponnesian War. [207]