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Acetyl-CoA (acetyl coenzyme A) is a molecule that participates in many biochemical reactions in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. [2] Its main function is to deliver the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to be oxidized for energy production.
Coenzyme A (CoA, SHCoA, CoASH) is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle.All genomes sequenced to date encode enzymes that use coenzyme A as a substrate, and around 4% of cellular enzymes use it (or a thioester) as a substrate.
General chemical structure of an acyl-CoA, where R is a carboxylic acid side chain. Acyl-CoA is a group of CoA-based coenzymes that metabolize carboxylic acids. Fatty acyl-CoA's are susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this ...
Acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) or Acetate—CoA ligase is an enzyme (EC 6.2.1.1) involved in metabolism of acetate. It is in the ligase class of enzymes, meaning that it catalyzes the formation of a new chemical bond between two large molecules.
Thiolases are a family of evolutionarily related enzymes.Two different types of thiolase [4] [5] [6] are found both in eukaryotes and in prokaryotes: acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (EC 2.3.1.9) and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (EC 2.3.1.16). 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (also called thiolase I) has a broad chain-length specificity for its substrates and is involved in degradative pathways such as fatty acid ...
The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:[acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase. Other names in common use include acetyl coenzyme A-acyl-carrier-protein transacylase, acetyl-CoA:ACP transacylase, [acyl-carrier-protein]acetyltransferase, [ACP]acetyltransferase, and ACAT. This enzyme participates in fatty acid biosynthesis.
These reactions have different functions in cells. The reaction involving acetyl-CoA and butyrate (EC 2.8.3.8), for example, forms butyrate during fermentation. [3] The reaction involving acetyl-CoA and succinate (EC 2.8.3.18) is part of a modified TCA cycle [4] or forms acetate during fermentation. [5] The reaction involving acetoacetate-CoA ...
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1) is responsible for the oxidation of pyruvate, dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (this enzyme; EC 2.3.1.12) transfers the acetyl group to coenzyme A (CoA), and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (EC 1.8.1.4) regenerates the lipoamide. Because dihydrolipoyl transacetylase is the second of the three enzyme components ...