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Supinator always acts together with biceps, except when the elbow joint is extended. [7] It is the most active muscle in forearm supination during unresisted supination, while biceps becomes increasingly active with heavy loading. [ 8 ]
The brachioradialis is a superficial, fusiform muscle on the lateral side of the forearm. It originates proximally on the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus. It inserts distally on the radius, at the base of its styloid process. [3] Near the elbow, it forms the lateral limit of the cubital fossa, or elbow pit. [4]
The supinator and the anconeus are the two extensor muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm that do not pass through wrist extensor compartments. [ 3 ] The first compartment locating the most radial is occupied by the extensor pollicis brevis and the abductor pollicis longus to insert to the thumb.
Specifically, these extensor muscles include the anconeus muscle, the supinator, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor carpi ulnaris. [1] In birds, where the arm is somewhat rotated compared to other tetrapods, it is termed dorsal epicondyle of the humerus.
Some scientists believe the radial tunnel extends as far as the distal border of the supinator. The radial nerve is commonly compressed within a 5 cm region near the elbow, but it can be compressed anywhere along the forearm if the syndrome is caused by injury (e.g. a fracture that puts pressure on the radial nerve). [3]
Arcade of Frohse, sometimes called the supinator arch, [1] is the most superior part of the superficial layer of the supinator muscle, and is a fibrous arch over the posterior interosseous nerve. The arcade of Frohse is a site of interosseous posterior nerve entrapment, [ 2 ] and is believed to play a role in causing progressive paralysis of ...
These three muscles act as flexors at the elbow joint. [5] The extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus are both weak flexors at the elbow joint. Brevis moves the arm from ulnar abduction to its mid-position and flexes dorsally. Longus is a weak pronator in the flexed arm and a supinator in the outstretched arm.
Biceps brachii is the main elbow flexor but, as a biarticular muscle, also plays important secondary roles as a stabiliser at the shoulder and as a supinator. It originates on the scapula with two tendons: That of the long head on the supraglenoid tubercle just above the shoulder joint and that of the short head on the coracoid process at the ...