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A simple example of a polyatomic ion is the hydroxide ion, which consists of one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom, jointly carrying a net charge of −1; its chemical formula is O H −. In contrast, an ammonium ion consists of one nitrogen atom and four hydrogen atoms, with a charge of +1; its chemical formula is N H + 4.
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Like the periodic table, the list below organizes the elements by the number of protons in their atoms; it can also be organized by other properties, such as atomic weight, density, and electronegativity. For more detailed information about the origins of element names, see List of chemical element name etymologies.
The form with the f-block included in the main body is sometimes called the 32-column [6] or long form; [33] the form with the f-block cut out the 18-column [6] or medium-long form. [33] The 32-column form has the advantage of showing all elements in their correct sequence, but it has the disadvantage of requiring more space. [ 34 ]
For ions, the charge on a particular atom may be denoted with a right-hand superscript. For example, Na +, or Cu 2+. The total charge on a charged molecule or a polyatomic ion may also be shown in this way, such as for hydronium, H 3 O +, or sulfate, SO 2− 4. Here + and − are used in place of +1 and −1, respectively.
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