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Mannitol is used intravenously to reduce acutely raised intracranial pressure until more definitive treatment can be applied, [16] e.g., after head trauma. While mannitol injection is the mainstay for treating high pressure in the skull after a bad brain injury, it is no better than hypertonic saline as a first-line treatment.
Currently, osmotherapy is the only way to reduce cerebral edema, and hypertonic saline appears to be better than other osmotic agents. According to some researchers, glycerol can be best administered as a basal treatment whereas mannitol can be administered to control sudden rises in ICP. [7]
Treatment is supportive; [1] mannitol may be used to help with the brain swelling. [2] The first detailed description of Reye syndrome was in 1963 by Australian pathologist Douglas Reye. [4] The syndrome most commonly affects children. [2] It affects fewer than one in a million children a year. [2]
Cerebral edema is the cause of death in 5% of all patients with cerebral infarction and mortality after large ischemic strokes with cerebral edema is roughly 20 to 30% despite medical and surgical interventions. [9] [38] Cerebral edema usually occurs between the second and fifth day after onset of symptoms. [9]
Edema - Volume overload associated with liver cirrhosis, heart failure, or nephrotic syndrome [11] Cerebral edema - intravenous furosemide can be combined with mannitol to initiate rapid diuresis. However, the optimum duration of such treatment remains unknown.
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Intracranial hypertension (IH), also called increased ICP (IICP) or raised intracranial pressure (RICP), refers to elevated pressure in the cranium. 20–25 mmHg is the upper limit of normal at which treatment is necessary, though it is common to use 15 mmHg as the threshold for beginning treatment.
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