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Fig1. The sporulation process of Bacillus subtilis. Bacillus subtilis is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacteria that is naturally found in soil and vegetation, and is known for its ability to form a small, tough, protective and metabolically dormant endospore.
Bacteria produce a single endospore internally. The spore is sometimes surrounded by a thin covering known as the exosporium, which overlies the spore coat. The spore coat, which acts like a sieve that excludes large toxic molecules like lysozyme, is resistant to many toxic molecules and may also contain enzymes that are involved in germination.
The term sporogenesis can also refer to endospore formation in bacteria, which allows the cells to survive unfavorable conditions. Endospores are not reproductive structures and their formation does not require cell fusion or division. Instead, they form through the production of an encapsulating spore coat within the spore-forming cell.
As a model organism, B. subtilis is commonly used in laboratory studies directed at discovering the fundamental properties and characteristics of Gram-positive spore-forming bacteria. [29] In particular, the basic principles and mechanisms underlying formation of the durable endospore have been deduced from studies of spore formation in B ...
The insect stops eating and starves to death; live Bt bacteria may also colonize the insect, which can contribute to death. [24] [29] [30] Death occurs within a few hours or weeks. [31] The midgut bacteria of susceptible larvae may be required for B. thuringiensis insecticidal activity. [32]
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual (in fungi) or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. [1] Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants , algae , fungi and protozoa . [ 2 ]
Endospore staining is a technique used in bacteriology to identify the presence of endospores in a bacterial sample. [1] Within bacteria, endospores are protective structures used to survive extreme conditions, including high temperatures making them highly resistant to chemicals. [ 2 ]
A diagram of C. tetani showing the bacterium alone, with a spore being produced, and the spore alone. Clostridium tetani is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacterium, typically up to 0.5 μm wide and 2.5 μm long. [1] It is motile by way of various flagella that surround its body. [1] C. tetani cannot grow in the presence of oxygen. [1]