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Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect in which blood flows between the atria (upper chambers) of the heart. Some flow is a normal condition both pre-birth and immediately post-birth via the foramen ovale ; however, when this does not naturally close after birth it is referred to as a patent (open) foramen ovale (PFO).
In most cases of tricuspid atresia, additional defects exist to allow exchange of blood between the loops of systematic circulation and pulmonary circulation, filling in the role of the missing atrioventricular connection. An atrial septal defect (ASD) must be present to fill the left atrium and the left ventricle with blood. [4]
An atrial septal defect is a congenital heart defect where the septum between the right and left atrium doesn’t close up all the way and remains open after birth. This causes oxygenated blood to go into pulmonary circulation. One complication from this condition is a paradoxical embolus which crosses from the right to the left side via the ASD.
Balloon septostomy is the widening of a foramen ovale, patent foramen ovale (PFO), or atrial septal defect (ASD) via cardiac catheterization (heart cath) using a balloon catheter. This procedure allows a greater amount of oxygenated blood to enter the systemic circulation in some cases of cyanotic congenital heart defect ( CHD ).
Other risk factors include: having a parent with a congenital heart defect, alcohol use while pregnant, uncontrolled diabetes treatment during pregnancy and some medications during pregnancy. [5] This type of congenital heart defect is associated with patients with Down syndrome (trisomy 21) or heterotaxy syndromes.
Atrial septostomy is a surgical procedure in which a small hole is created between the upper two chambers of the heart, the atria.This procedure is primarily used to palliate dextro-Transposition of the great arteries or d-TGA (often imprecisely called transposition of the great arteries), a life-threatening cyanotic congenital heart defect seen in infants.
The ostium primum atrial septal defect is a defect in the atrial septum at the level of the tricuspid and mitral valves. This is sometimes known as an endocardial cushion defect because it often involves the endocardial cushion, which is the portion of the heart where the atrial septum meets the ventricular septum and the mitral valve meets the tricuspid valve.
Atrial septal defect [ edit ] In an adult, an atrial septal defect results in the flow of blood in the reverse direction – from the left atrium to the right – which reduces cardiac output, potentially causing cardiac failure , and in severe or untreated cases cardiac arrest and sudden death .