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In economics, a government-granted monopoly (also called a "de jure monopoly" or "regulated monopoly") is a form of coercive monopoly by which a government grants exclusive privilege to a private individual or firm to be the sole provider of a good or service; potential competitors are excluded from the market by law, regulation, or other mechanisms of government enforcement.
The government may also reserve the venture for itself, thus forming a government monopoly, for example with a state-owned company. [citation needed] Monopolies may be naturally occurring due to limited competition because the industry is resource intensive and requires substantial costs to operate (e.g., certain railroad systems). [3]
It is a monopoly created, owned, and operated by the government. It is usually distinguished from a government-granted monopoly, where the government grants a monopoly to a private individual or company. A government monopoly may be run by any level of government—national, regional, local; for levels below the national, it is a local monopoly.
Government-granted monopolies often closely resemble government monopolies in many respects, but the two are distinguished by the decision-making structure of the monopolist. In a government monopoly, the holder of the monopoly is the government itself and the group of people who make business decisions is an agency under the government's ...
One of the government's few anti-monopoly victories was United States v. AT&T , which led to the breakup of Bell Telephone and its monopoly on U.S. telephone service in 1982. [ 30 ] The general "trimming back" of antitrust law in the face of economic analysis also resulted in more permissive standards for mergers. [ 30 ]
The antitrust laws entitled the federal government to regulate monopolies that had a direct impact on commerce; Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States, 221 U.S. 1 (1911) Standard Oil was dismantled into geographical entities given its size, and that it was too much of a monopoly; United States v. American Tobacco Company, 221 U.S. 106 ...
Patents are legal monopolies granted on practical inventions; Privatization transfers a government-held thing into private ownership; Quantitative easing occurs when the government buys government bonds, raising their price and lowering the return per unit price to people and institutions buying government bonds.
Generally, these schools attest that government needs to limit its involvement in economic sectors and focus instead on protecting individual rights (life, liberty, and property). [ failed verification ] This position is alternatively summarized in what is known as the Iron Law of Regulation, which states that all government regulation ...