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Citizenship is a legal status in a political institution such as a city or a state.The relationship between a citizen and the institution that confers this status is formal, and in contemporary liberal-democratic models includes both a set of rights that the citizen possesses by virtue of this relationship, and a set of obligations or duties that they owe to that institution and their fellow ...
Citizenship is a membership and allegiance to a sovereign state. [1] [a]Though citizenship is often conflated with nationality in today's English-speaking world, [3] [4] [5] international law does not usually use the term citizenship to refer to nationality; [6] [7] these two notions are conceptually different dimensions of collective membership.
Jury duty may be considered the "sole differential obligation" between non-citizens and citizens; the federal and state courts "uniformly exclude non-citizens from jury pools today, and with the exception of a few states in the past, this has always been the case". [13]
Nationality defines the legal relationship between a person and a state or nation, specifying who is a member or subject of a particular nation. [3] [4] [5] The rights and obligations of citizenship are defined by this relationship, as well as the protections to which nationals are entitled.
Historically, the most significant difference between a national and a citizen is that the citizen has the right to vote for elected officials, and the right to be elected. [7] This distinction between full citizenship and other, lesser relationships goes back to antiquity.
The distinction between the meaning of the terms citizenship and nationality is not always clear in the English language and differs by country. Generally, nationality refers to a person's legal belonging to a sovereign state and is the common term used in international treaties when addressing members of a country, while citizenship usually means the set of rights and duties a person has in ...
Under United States Federal law (8 U.S.C. § 1401), a person is a United States national and citizen if: the person is born in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof; the person is born in the United States to a member of an Indian, Inuit, Aleutian, or other aboriginal tribe (see Indian Citizenship Act of 1924)
Though the Constitution of the United States recognizes both national and state citizenship as a means of accessing rights, [3] [note 1] Puerto Rico's history as a territory has created both confusion over the status of its nationals and citizens and controversy because of distinctions between jurisdictions of the United States.