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The vacuum magnetic permeability (variously vacuum permeability, permeability of free space, permeability of vacuum, magnetic constant) is the magnetic permeability in a classical vacuum.
In electromagnetism, permeability is the measure of magnetization produced in a material in response to an applied magnetic field.Permeability is typically represented by the (italicized) Greek letter μ.
The formula needed in this case to calculate m in (units of A⋅m 2) is: =, where: B r is the residual flux density, expressed in teslas. V is the volume of the magnet (in m 3). μ 0 is the permeability of vacuum (4π × 10 −7 H/m). [6]
The analogous quantity for a plane wave travelling through a dielectric medium is called the intrinsic impedance of the medium and designated η ().Hence Z 0 is sometimes referred to as the intrinsic impedance of free space, [2] and given the symbol η 0. [3]
The electromagnetic wave equation is a second-order partial differential equation that describes the propagation of electromagnetic waves through a medium or in a vacuum.It is a three-dimensional form of the wave equation.
Vacuum permittivity, commonly denoted ε 0 (pronounced "epsilon nought" or "epsilon zero"), is the value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum.It may also be referred to as the permittivity of free space, the electric constant, or the distributed capacitance of the vacuum.
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The Maxwell stress tensor (named after James Clerk Maxwell) is a symmetric second-order tensor in three dimensions that is used in classical electromagnetism to represent the interaction between electromagnetic forces and mechanical momentum.