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In mathematics, "rational" is often used as a noun abbreviating "rational number". The adjective rational sometimes means that the coefficients are rational numbers. For example, a rational point is a point with rational coordinates (i.e., a point whose coordinates are rational numbers); a rational matrix is a matrix of rational numbers; a rational polynomial may be a polynomial with rational ...
Such a number is algebraic and can be expressed as the sum of a rational number and the square root of a rational number. Constructible number: A number representing a length that can be constructed using a compass and straightedge. Constructible numbers form a subfield of the field of algebraic numbers, and include the quadratic surds.
This category represents all rational numbers, that is, those real numbers which can be represented in the form: ...where and are integers and is not equal to zero. All integers are rational, including zero.
Rational number is any number that can be expressed as the quotient or fraction p/q of two integers, with the denominator q not equal to zero. [9] Since q may be equal to 1, every integer is a rational number. The set of all rational numbers is usually denoted by a boldface Q (or blackboard bold).
Number theory began with the manipulation of numbers, that is, natural numbers (), and later expanded to integers and rational numbers (). Number theory was once called arithmetic, but nowadays this term is mostly used for numerical calculations. [15]
An algebraic number is a number that is a root of a non-zero polynomial in one variable with integer (or, equivalently, rational) coefficients. For example, the golden ratio , ( 1 + 5 ) / 2 {\displaystyle (1+{\sqrt {5}})/2} , is an algebraic number, because it is a root of the polynomial x 2 − x − 1 .